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What are the main uses of anhydrous potassium fluoride?
Calcium chloride in anhydrous solution is widely used. In the book "Tiangong Kaiwu", this substance is used in all industries.
First, in the industry of brine salt, anhydrous calcium chloride can help salt precipitation. In ancient times, the sea was boiled as salt, and in seawater, there were many impurities, and salt precipitation was not easy. And anhydrous calcium chloride can meet with water, so that the water in the brine gradually accumulates in calcium chloride, and the salt is easier to precipitate, and the resulting salt is also purer, which is of great benefit to people's livelihood.
Second, in the industry of smelting and casting, it is also helpful. When casting, if there is moisture in the mold, the cast tool is prone to defects. Anhydrous calcium chloride is placed on the side of the mold to absorb moisture in the mold and keep the mold dry. In this way, the cast utensils are dense in texture, have few holes and trachoma, and are effective in the manufacture of equipment.
Third, it is also useful for sailing in boats. Boats are at sea, and the moisture is very heavy, and the utensils are perishable. Anhydrous calcium chloride is placed in the cabin, which can remove moisture and protect the things in the ship, so that the ropes, sails and other things can be prevented from mildew and ensure the safety of the boat.
Fourth, in the business of storage, anhydrous calcium chloride can protect the things from decay. Grain and silk, if placed in a wet place, are prone to mildew. Placing anhydrous calcium chloride in the warehouse can ensure a dry storage environment and protect all things from damage for a long time. It is essential for the storage of things.
Although anhydrous calcium chloride is a small matter, it is indispensable in brine, smelting, navigation, and warehousing industries. It is also important for people's livelihood.
What are the physical and chemical properties of anhydrous potassium fluoride?
Anhydrous calcium chloride is a commonly used chemical substance, and its physicochemical properties are particularly important.
Looking at its properties, anhydrous calcium chloride is white hard pieces or particles at room temperature, odorless and slightly bitter. This substance has strong moisture absorption and is easily deliquescent when exposed to air, so it is often used as a desiccant.
When it comes to solubility, its solubility in water is very good. When dissolved, a lot of heat is released, and the aqueous solution formed is slightly acidic. And it also has certain solubility in organic solvents such as ethanol and acetone.
Besides the melting point and boiling point, anhydrous calcium chloride has a high melting point, about 772 ° C, and the boiling point is above 1600 ° C. This characteristic makes it relatively stable in high temperature environments.
In terms of chemical properties, anhydrous calcium chloride can react with a variety of substances. It can react with carbonate to form calcium carbonate precipitation, which can be used to detect or remove carbonate ions in solution. It can also undergo double decomposition reaction with some metal ions to realize the separation and purification of ions.
In industry and life, the physical and chemical properties of anhydrous calcium chloride determine its wide use. Because of its strong hygroscopicity, it is widely used in drying fields, such as for drying gases, protecting easily deliquescent items, etc. And because it can react with water and has a high heat of dissolution, it is also popular in snow melting agents, which can accelerate the melting of ice and snow.
What are the precautions for anhydrous potassium fluoride during storage and transportation?
When storing and transporting anhydrous calcium chloride, many matters need to be paid attention to.
First, moisture resistance is extremely critical. Anhydrous calcium chloride has strong water absorption and is easy to absorb moisture from the air and deliquescent. Therefore, when storing, it must be placed in a dry and sealed container to prevent it from contacting with moisture. During transportation, it is also necessary to ensure that the packaging is intact and protected from rain or humid air. If the packaging is damaged and it is damp, it will not only affect the quality of calcium chloride itself, but also adhere to the packaging materials or transportation equipment after deliquescence, causing cleaning problems.
Second, avoid contact with specific substances. Anhydrous calcium chloride should not be co-stored and transported with acids, oxidants, active metal powders, etc. Because of its contact with acids, or chemical reactions, the formation of corresponding calcium salts and other products, changing the chemical properties of calcium chloride; contact with oxidants, or due to redox reactions, causing dangerous conditions; and active metal powders, such as magnesium, aluminum, etc., contact with calcium chloride, under specific conditions or replacement reactions, etc., interfere with the normal use of calcium chloride.
Third, temperature control cannot be ignored. Although the chemical properties of anhydrous calcium chloride are relatively stable, the high temperature environment may cause some changes in its properties. When storing, it should be placed in a cool and ventilated place, and the temperature should not be too high. During transportation, special attention should be paid during the high temperature period in summer to prevent long-term exposure to the hot sun, so as not to affect the performance of calcium chloride due to excessive temperature.
Fourth, the choice of packaging material is very important. For packaging of anhydrous calcium chloride, materials that can effectively block water vapor and resist chemical corrosion should be selected. Common such as plastic film bags, composite paper bags, etc., covered with plastic woven bags to enhance protection. This can not only ensure that calcium chloride is not damp during storage and transportation, but also prevent the packaging from being corroded and damaged.
Fifth, the logo is clear and clear. Whether it is storage containers or transportation packaging, the words "anhydrous calcium chloride" should be clearly marked, as well as corresponding warning labels, such as corrosive, so that personnel can take appropriate protective measures according to the labels during operation and handling to avoid safety accidents caused by accidental touch, accidental ingestion, etc.
What are the production methods of anhydrous potassium fluoride?
"Tiangong Kaiwu" says: "There are three ways to make anhydrous calcium chloride. One is to use limestone and hydrochloric acid. Take an appropriate amount of limestone, put it in a vessel, and slowly inject hydrochloric acid. The reaction is also, raw calcium chloride, water and carbon dioxide. Its chemical formula is: $CaCO_ {3} + 2HCl\ longrightarrow CaCl_ {2} + H_ {2} O + CO_ {2}\ uparrow $. After the reaction is completed, by distillation, remove the water to obtain anhydrous calcium chloride. This is a common method, and the raw materials used are easy to find, but the cost may be higher.
The second method is to use the waste liquid of the ammonia-alkali method to make soda ash as the source. When the ammonia-alkali method makes soda ash, the waste liquid contains calcium chloride. The waste liquid is first clarified to remove its impurities. After evaporation, concentration, cooling and crystallization, calcium chloride crystals can be obtained. After heating and dehydration, the crystal water is removed, and anhydrous calcium chloride is obtained. This way turns waste into treasure, which is beneficial to environmental protection and can reduce costs. However, the process is slightly complicated, and fine operation is required to control the quality of the product.
The third method is to use hydrochloric acid to react with calcium hydroxide. Take calcium hydroxide, slowly add it to hydrochloric acid, and stir to fully react. The reaction formula is: $Ca (OH) _ {2} + 2HCl\ longrightarrow CaCl_ {2} + 2H_ {2} O $. After the reaction is completed, the same steps of evaporation and dehydration are taken to obtain anhydrous calcium chloride. This method is relatively simple to operate, but the purity and dosage of calcium hydroxide need to be precisely controlled, otherwise it will affect the purity and yield of the product. "
What are the effects of anhydrous potassium fluoride on human health?
Anhydrous solution zinc, that is, anhydrous zinc chloride, this material is strong and corrosive, and has a great impact on human health.
Looking at the way it enters the body, it can be inhaled through the mouth and nose, or penetrated through skin contact. If you inhale the dust or smoke of anhydrous zinc chloride, the first to bear the brunt is the respiratory tract. In mild cases, it can cause sore throat and cough. In severe cases, it can cause bronchitis, pneumonia and other diseases. Shortness of breath and chest pain are also common. Long-term inhalation may damage the function of the lungs, cause lung fiber proliferation, and make breathing more difficult.
If the skin is accidentally touched, it will feel tingling in a short time due to its corrosive nature, followed by redness, swelling and blisters. If it is not treated in time, the wound surface is easily infected, prolonged and difficult to heal, or scarred, affecting the appearance and function of the skin. If the eyes are contaminated with anhydrous zinc chloride, it is especially harmful. The surface of the eyeball is delicate and eroded by it, which can cause eye pain, tears, blurred vision, and in severe cases, damage the cornea and even blindness.
Furthermore, ingesting anhydrous zinc chloride by mistake can have unimaginable consequences. It can burn the mouth, esophagus and gastrointestinal mucosa, causing severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and even perforation and bleeding of the digestive tract, endangering life.
In the era of Tiangong Kaiwu, although the industry was not as developed as it is today, anhydrous zinc chloride may have been useful in metallurgy, tanning and other industries. People at that time, or due to cognitive limitations, lack of protection, often suffer from it. Therefore, when using it, be cautious to avoid damage to human health.