What are the main uses of ammonium hydrofluoride (NH4) (HF2)?

The genus of "Tiangong Kaiwu" is a strange book of ancient times, which contains all kinds of technical products in detail. However, in the case of Fluoric acid (\ (NH_ {4}) (HF_ {2}) \)), this thing was not included in the ancient books at that time. It is used today and is quite extensive.

In the field of chemical industry, it is often used as an etchant. Because it can be phased with many metals, glass and other materials, it can refine the surface of glass to make it into a delicate pattern, or engrave it on the meter with precise scale. It is also used for metal surface treatment to make the metal surface more suitable for subsequent processing.

In the industry of metallurgy, it also has its contribution. It can assist in the decomposition of metal minerals, promote the dissolution of metal ions, and improve the refining efficiency of ores, which is particularly critical for the extraction of rare metals.

In agriculture, although the dosage is not large, it can provide soil with fluorine, nitrogen and other elements, regulate soil nutrients, and help crops grow. However, the application needs to be careful to prevent excessive damage to soil and crops.

In scientific research, it is an important chemical reagent. Helping scientists explore material properties and develop new chemical reactions has made great contributions to the development of chemistry. Although "Tiangong Kaiwu" does not cover this material, it is widely used today and has important value in various fields.

What are the physical and chemical properties of ammonium hydrofluoride ((NH4) (HF2))?

Ammonium fluoride ($ (NH_ {4}) (HF_ {2}) $), its physical and chemical properties are quite specific. The appearance of this substance is often white crystalline, and the plastid is more delicate.

In terms of its physical properties, the melting point is about 125.6 ° C. When heated to this temperature, it gradually melts from a solid state to a liquid state. Its boiling point is as high as 239.5 ° C. To vaporize it, considerable heat needs to be applied. In terms of solubility, it can be dissolved in water, and it can slowly dissociate in water, showing a certain ionic state. And its density is about 1.50g/cm ³, which is slightly heavier.

As for chemical properties, it has a certain acidity. Due to the hydrogen ion containing fluoride, it can partially ionize in water and release hydrogen ions, so it can neutralize with alkali substances. When encountering strong bases such as sodium hydroxide, sodium fluoride, ammonia and water will be formed. It can also react with certain metal salts. If it encounters copper salts, it may form fluorinated copper complexes. Ammonium fluoride is unstable when heated, and will decompose at a certain temperature, escaping ammonia and hydrogen fluoride gases. This property needs to be paid attention to in many chemical processes. Because its decomposition products are toxic and corrosive, it is necessary to take precautions when operating.

What are the precautions for storing and transporting ammonium hydrofluoride (NH4) (HF2)?

Ammonium boron (\ (NH_ {4}) (HF_ {2}) \)), during storage and transportation, many matters should be paid attention to.

The first thing to do for storage is to choose a suitable place. It should be placed in a cool, dry and well-ventilated place. If it is in a high temperature and humid place, ammonium boron may change due to changes in temperature and humidity. Under high temperature, its decomposition may accelerate, causing changes in composition; humid environment, it is easy to make it absorb moisture and affect quality.

Furthermore, it must be isolated from other things. Do not store with alkalis, oxidants, etc. When alkali meets ammonium boron carbide, it is easy to chemically react and damage its properties; oxidizing agents may also react with it, causing danger.

When transporting, the packaging must be solid. To prevent the package from being damaged due to vibration and collision, so that ammonium boron carbide leaks. And the means of transportation should also be clean, dry, and free from the risk of contamination by other objects.

Temperature control and moisture prevention are required on the way. In the high temperature in summer, it may be necessary to take cooling measures; in rainy and wet weather, it should be strictly prevented from water vapor intrusion. The escort should also be familiar with its properties. If there is any leakage, they can quickly dispose of it properly. In this way, ammonium boron carbide can be safely and securely during storage and transportation.

What are the safety precautions when using ammonium hydrofluoride (NH4) (HF2)?

Sand (\ (NH_ {4}) (HF_ {2}) \) is strong and corrosive. When using it, you must follow the safety protection regulations and take comprehensive measures to protect your body and things.

The first thing that matters is respiratory protection. When using this medicine, there may be air mist escaping in the air, and inhalation will hurt the lungs and breathing. Therefore, when wearing a suitable gas mask, the gas filter tank should be selected for acidic gases, which can block the air mist from entering the body and keep breathing smooth.

The second is eye protection. If the air mist or liquid droplets of sand splash on the eyes, it will cause injury, and even harm the eyesight. Therefore, it needs to be equipped with chemical protection goggles, which are strong and well sealed, can resist aerosol and liquid droplets, and protect the eyes comprehensively.

Furthermore, it is hand and foot protection. Its contact with the skin can cause burns. When wearing corrosion-resistant gloves, it is better to make rubber or plastic, which can isolate the contact between the sand and the skin. With chemical protection clothing, the material can resist the penetration of chemicals, and the hat and boots can protect the whole body, without the risk of exposure.

In addition, it is also necessary to operate in a well-ventilated place. A local exhaust device can be installed to quickly drain the aerosol containing the sand, reducing its concentration in the air and reducing the risk of inhalation. If it is used in a large room, it is also necessary to ensure the overall ventilation and allow the air to circulate.

After using it, make sure to wash the device and store the remaining medicine properly. If the device is unclean, the residual medicine may cause subsequent users to accidentally touch it; the medicine is improperly stored, or it may cause leakage, which will lead to disaster.

In short, when using sand (\ (NH_ {4}) (HF_ {2}) \)), all protective measures are indispensable. From breathing to hands and feet, from ventilation to storage, it is all about safety. Only by practicing it can we avoid harm before it occurs, and protect the body and the environment.

What is the production method of ammonium hydrofluoride (NH4) (HF2)?

The method of making cauldron sand ($ (NH_ {4}) (HF_ {2}) $) has existed in ancient times. In the past, if you wanted to get cauldron sand, you would take more natural products. Between mountains and rivers, find its ore veins, dig and mine it. However, the natural cauldron sand has limited output and is difficult to apply.

Later, there were skilled craftsmen who inspected its physical properties, explored its chemical transformation, and made it artificially. The method is to first take ammonia ($NH_ {3} $), which can be obtained by co-heating ammonium salt and alkali. If ammonium chloride ($NH_ {4} Cl $) is mixed with calcium hydroxide ($Ca (OH) _ {2} $), and ammonia escapes when heated. < Br >
Hydrofluoric acid ($HF $) is also taken, and it is often prepared by co-heating fluorite ($CaF_ {2} $) with concentrated sulfuric acid ($H_ {2} SO_ {4} $). When ammonia and hydrofluoric acid are obtained, ammonia is introduced into hydrofluoric acid, and the ratio of the two is controlled to make it fully react. Ammonia reacts with hydrofluoric acid to form ammonium fluoride ($NH_ {4} F $), and ammonium fluoride reacts with excess hydrofluoric acid to obtain sand ($ (NH_ {4}) (HF_ {2}) $).

In this process, pay attention to temperature control. If the temperature is too high, hydrofluoric acid is easy to evaporate, and ammonia is difficult to retain, resulting in poor reaction. And hydrofluoric acid is highly corrosive. When operating, care must be taken to prevent injury to the body. After such manual production, the output of sands has gradually increased, and it can meet many needs.